One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical THEORY of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer THEORY. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer THEORY and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer THEORY. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer THEORY was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

In this paper, recommended spiral passive micromixer was designed and simulated. spiral design has the potential to create and strengthen the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel width, channel depth, the gap between loops, and flowrate on the micromixer performance. These features impact the contact area of the two fluids and ultimately lead to an increment in the quality of the mixture. In this study, for the flow rate of 25 μl/min and molecular diffusion coefficient of 1×10-10 m2/s, mixing efficiency of more than 90% is achieved after 30 (approximately one-third of the total channel length). Finally, the optimized design fabricated using proposed 3D printing method.

Application of the network equivalent concept for external system representation for power system transient analysis is well known. However, the challenge to utilize an equivalent network, approximated by a rational function, is to guarantee the passivity of the corresponding model. In this regard, special techniques are required to enforce the passivity of the equivalent model through a post processing approach that minimizes its impact on the original model characteristics. In this paper, the passivity is enforced by expressing the problem in terms of a convex OPTIMIZATION problem that guarantees the global optimal solution. The convex OPTIMIZATION problem is efficiently solved by recently developed numerical interior–point methods. This passivity enforcement is also global which indicates that the passivity enforcement in one region does not lead to passivity violation in other regions.

In this paper, a new game theoretic-based approach is proposed for multi-response OPTIMIZATION problem. Game THEORY is a useful tool for decision making in the conflict of interests between intelligent players in order to select the best joint strategy for them through selecting the best joint desirability. Present research uses the game THEORY approach via definition of each response as each player and factors as strategies of each player. This approach can determine the best predictor factor sets in order to obtain the best joint desirability of responses. For this aim, the signal to noise ratio (SN) index for each response have been calculated with considering the joint values of strategies; then obtained SN ratios for each strategy is modeled in the game THEORY table. Finally, using Nash Equilibrium, the best strategy which is the best values of predictor factors is determined. A real case and a numerical example are given to show the efficiency of the proposed method. In addition, the performance of the proposed method is compared with the VIKOR method.

Gaining cognition and awareness from the world is one of the procedures of acquiring knowledge from the essentialism viewpoints applying qualitative research. There are considerable numbers of specific do’s and don’ts (regulations) applying qualitative research paradigm to secure appropriate knowledge, awareness and values of cognition. Conducting qualitative research under the stipulation of detection and application of appropriate research method, including grounded THEORY (GT), with highly valuable findings can provide stable basis for the quantitative research paradigm faze. Ontology, epistemology, methodology and method’s insufficiency or misapplication create invalid and unjustifiable research findings. Insufficiency and inappropriate use of GT as one of the ontological methods grounded this article to acquaint researchers with appropriate application of this method in their research. Inspecting considerable numbers of article in which GT was applied as per literature of this method, along with investigating GT method failures in these article motivated the author to investigate related literature through evolutionary approach and critical hermeneutic analysis detect 10 failures in this THEORY that none of them has been mentioned in GT literature so far. As the result these 10 issues are: precise identification of experts and subject matter specialists, experts and specialists footing, fitness of the research method and data collection tools, applying experts’ conformity measurement, harmony of coding procedure and GT type, accurate data processing procedure, approaching the usefulness threshold, developing theoretical model, achieving findings generalizability, and finally, producing and/or exploring reliable THEORY. Editorial appraisal approach of the articles developed applying GT showed that almost all of the coding procedures fit the evolutionary version as; open, axial and selective while all of the authors of the articles index Glaser and Strauss who developed traditional version of GT for coding. Therefore it seems that there is not sufficient awareness of GT application and coding exigencies. Hence, while traditional GT version is referred, coding procedure is not up to date. Therefore, the outcome theories won’t be as reliable as should be where as unfortunately, these articles are being published regardless of their shortcomings.